Mark Bence-Jones. A Guide to Irish Country Houses (originally published as Burke’s Guide to Country Houses volume 1 Ireland by Burke’s Peerage Ltd. 1978); Revised edition 1988 Constable and Company Ltd, London.
p. 234. “(Power/IFR) A house overlooking Waterford Harbour from the county Kilkenny side, just above where the Suir estuary is joined by that of the Nore and the Barrow. Built ca 1765 by the Snow family; a massive three storey Georgian block. Five bay front; doorway with very large fanlight. Impressive hall with columns; splendid oval stone staircase with balustrade of brass uprights. Subsequently owned by the O’Neill Power family, who changed the name from Snowhill to Power Hall, and converted a room into a chapel designed by Pugin. Demolished ca 1955.”
Paulstown Castle, County Kilkenny, courtesy of National Inventory.
Mark Bence-Jones. A Guide to Irish Country Houses (originally published as Burke’s Guide to Country Houses volume 1 Ireland by Burke’s Peerage Ltd. 1978); Revised edition 1988 Constable and Company Ltd, London.
p. 301. “(Flood, sub Solly-Flood/LGI1912) An old tower house with a C18 interior. Large ballroom on second floor; marble bolection-moulded chimneypieces.”
Paulstown Castle, County Kilkenny, courtesy of National Inventory.
Detached three-bay three-storey over raised basement country house, built 1828, on a rectangular plan with single-bay full-height side elevations; three-bay full-height rear (west) elevation. Sold, 1892. Occupied, 1901; 1911. Vacant, 1973. Now in ruins. Hipped slate roof behind parapet now missing, paired limestone ashlar central “wallhead” chimney stacks having stringcourses below capping, and concealed rainwater goods. Part creeper- or ivy-covered coursed rubble limestone battered walls (ground floor) with cut-limestone flush quoins to corners; part creeper- or ivy-covered limestone ashlar surface finish (upper floors) with cut-limestone stringcourses including cut-limestone stringcourse supporting “Balistraria”-detailed parapet having cut-limestone coping. Pointed-arch central window opening in square-headed recess (basement) with drag edged cut-limestone sill, and cut-limestone voussoirs with remains of hood moulding framing timber casement window behind wrought iron bars. Square-headed window openings (ground floor) with drag edged dragged cut-limestone sills, and limestone ashlar voussoirs with hood mouldings framing remains of eight-over-eight timber sash windows without horns having exposed sash boxes. Square-headed window openings (upper floors) with drag edged dragged cut-limestone sills, and limestone ashlar voussoirs framing remains of eight-over-eight timber sash windows without horns having exposed sash boxes. Interior in ruins. Set in unkempt grounds with rendered piers to perimeter having ball finial-topped capping.
Appraisal
Paulstown Castle, County Kilkenny, courtesy of National Inventory.
A country house erected to a design attributed to William Robertson (1770-1850) of Kilkenny (Craig and Garner 1973, 111) representing an important component of the domestic built heritage of County Kilkenny with the architectural value of the composition, one repurposing at least the footings of ‘an ancient pile of a building said to have formerly been the residence of Sir Peirce Butler’ [SMR KK021-005—-], confirmed by such attributes as the compact rectilinear plan form; the construction in a deep grey limestone demonstrating good quality workmanship; the slight diminishing in scale of the openings on each floor producing a feint graduated visual impression with those openings showing conventional Georgian glazing patterns; and the monolithic parapeted roofline. Although reduced to ruins following a prolonged period of unoccupancy, the elementary form and massing survive intact together with quantities of the original fabric, thus upholding much of the character or integrity of the composition. Furthermore, adjacent outbuildings (extant 1839); and a nearby gate lodge (extant 1900), all continue to contribute positively to the group and setting values of a self-contained estate having historic connections with the Flood family including Henry Flood (1769-1840); and William Flood (1818-85), ‘Justice of the Peace late of Paulstown Castle County Kilkenny’ (Calendars of Wills and Administrations 1885, 279); and the Healy family including John Healy (d. 1893), ‘Farmer late of Paulstown County Kilkenny’ (Calendars of Wills and Administrations 1894, 366); and James Healy (—-), ‘Farmer’ (NA 1911).
Paulstown Castle, County Kilkenny, courtesy of National Inventory.Paulstown Castle, County Kilkenny, courtesy of National Inventory.
Paulstown Castle - situated between Gowran and Paulstown 3 km from Gowran. Associations with the Flood family of nearby View Mount House (12402107/KK-21-07), the Healy family, and for the reputed connections with Sir Pearse Butler
Mark Bence-Jones. A Guide to Irish Country Houses (originally published as Burke’s Guide to Country Houses volume 1 Ireland by Burke’s Peerage Ltd. 1978); Revised edition 1988 Constable and Company Ltd, London.
supplement.
p. 215. “(Loftus/IFR) Originally a house built 1750 by 1st Viscount Loftus of 2nd creation for his son Edward, afterwards 1st Bt. Of two storeys over a basement and an attic lit in three bay entrance front by a single Diocletian window, and in the garden front by windows in three sided central bow. On the entrance front there was a pedimented doorway with Doric columns, which was subsequently re-erected on the front of an enclosed porch. The garden front was of one bay on either side of the bow. A two storey three bay office wing was subsequently added at one side of the house. A wide corridor-hall ran along the whole length of the entrance front on the ground floor, with the stairs at one end of it; the drawing room extended into the garden front bow. This house was demolished ca 1906 by Major J.E.B. Loftus and a much larger house built in its place, of local granite, irregular and rambling, with gables and bargeboards, a pyramidal roofed tower, quoins and the porch of the previous house re-used. The greater part of the new house was destroyed in a fire 1934, after which a house was made out of the surviving servants’ wing, which had archway in it. This archway was made into a hall; one end of it being enclosed by the original porch, re-used yet again; the other end being glazed to form a small conservatory. Charming enclosed knot-garden with old tower-like garden house (see supplement).”
Mount Loftus (House), MOUNTLOFTUS, County Kilkenny
Mount Loftus, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Detached five-bay two-storey country house, reconstructed post-1934, on a U-shaped plan incorporating fabric of earlier house, built 1906, on site of earlier house, 1750-4, comprising three-bay two-storey central bay with single-bay single-storey flat-roofed projecting porch to centre ground floor, single-bay two-storey gabled advanced flanking end bays, two-bay two-storey return to north-east, and five-bay two-storey return to north-west terminating in single-bay two-storey higher end bay to north. Pitched slate roofs (gablet over window opening to centre first floor; gabled to end bays) with clay ridge tiles, red brick Running bond chimney stacks having stringcourses, rooflights, timber bargeboards, and cast-iron rainwater goods on slightly overhanging exposed timber eaves. Flat roof to porch not visible behind parapet. Irregular coursed squared rubble granite walls with rock-faced cut-granite dressings including quoins to corners, stringcourse to porch supporting frieze, carved cornice, and blocking course to parapet. Square-headed window openings (some paired; some camber-headed window openings to rear (north) elevation) with cut-granite sills, yellow brick block-and-start surrounds (some having render over), and one-over-one timber sash windows. Round-headed door opening to porch in tripartite arrangement with square-headed flanking window openings, cut-granite Doric doorcase having engaged columns supporting open-bed pediment, timber panelled door having leaded stained glass overlight, and cut-stone sills to flanking openings having fixed-pane fittings with leaded panels. Segmental-headed door opening to rear (north) elevation with rock-faced cut-granite block-and-start surround, glazed timber double doors having sidelights on panelled risers, and fanlight. Interior with timber panelled shutters to window openings. Set back from road in own grounds.
Appraisal
A well-appointed substantial house the irregular footprint of which indicates the protracted provenance of the composition: occupying the site of a mid eighteenth-century country house the present range was adapted from the servants’ wing of an early twentieth-century replacement house built for Major J.E.B. Loftus (n. d.) to designs prepared by a local architect named Morrisey (fl. 1906) and destroyed by fire in the mid twentieth century (no evidence of the alterations intended to be carried out (1917) under the direction of Douglas Lyons (fl. 1917) survive in recognisable form in the present house). Constructed entirely in granite displaying an appealing honey-like hue sourced from a quarry in the grounds the architectural design value of the composition is enlivened by the presence of carved dressings producing an elegant pared-down Classical theme. Having subsequently been well maintained the house presents an early aspect with the original fabric surviving in place both to the exterior and to the interior. Forming the centrepiece of a middle-size landholding (including 12402512 – 3/KK-25-12 – 3) the house remains of additional importance for the long-standing connections with the Loftus and the Murphy families.
Mount Loftus, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Mount Loftus, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Mount Loftus, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Mount Loftus, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Mount Loftus, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Farmyard complex, established 1750, including: (i) Detached seven-bay single-storey outbuilding with attic with single-bay single-storey gabled higher central bay. Extended, pre-1903, comprising five-bay single-storey split level lateral range to left terminating in two-bay single-storey end bay having pair of camber-headed carriageways. Pitched slate roofs (gabled to central bay) with clay ridge tiles, rendered coping to party wall to end bay, rooflight, timber bargeboards having finial to apex, and cast-iron rainwater goods on timber eaves. Random rubble stone walls. Round-headed door openings in grouped (three-part) arrangement with lunette flanking window openings having cut-limestone surrounds rising into voussoirs incorporating keystones, tongue-and-groove timber panelled doors having blind overpanels, cut-limestone sills to window openings, cut-limestone voussoirs incorporating keystones, and fixed-pane timber windows. Pair of camber-headed carriageways to end bay with cut-limestone surrounds incorporating keystones, and no fittings. Set back from road in grounds shared with Mount Loftus (House). (ii) Detached four-bay single-storey outbuilding. Pitched slate roof with clay ridge tiles, rooflights, and cast-iron rainwater goods on rendered eaves. Unpainted rendered walls over random rubble stone construction. Square-headed window openings with rendered surrounds, and fittings not discerned. Round-headed door openings with rendered surrounds, and fittings not discerned. (iii) Detached three-bay single-storey stable building with half-attic. Hipped slate roof with clay ridge tiles, rooflight, and replacement uPVC rainwater goods on rendered eaves. Unpainted rendered walls over random rubble stone construction. Lunette window openings with cut-limestone sills, rendered surrounds, and timber panel fittings. Round-headed door openings with rendered surrounds, and timber doors.
Appraisal
A collection of middle- and large-scale agricultural outbuildings forming a self-contained farmyard complex representing one of the final vestiges of the earliest phase of the development of the Mount Loftus (House) estate following the loss of the original mid eighteenth-century house. Originally composed on a somewhat formal symmetrical plan the architectural design value of a substantial outbuilding is identified by elegant attributes including the grouped arrangement of the openings, and so on. Having been well maintained further ranges retain the original composition attributes together with most of the historic fabric, thereby maintaining the character of a complex contributing significantly to the group and setting values of the grounds.
Mount Loftus, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Mount Loftus, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Gateway, reconstructed 1906, possibly incorporating fabric of earlier gateway, 1750, comprising pair of granite ashlar piers with stringcourses supporting inscribed friezes, carved cornices supporting cut-granite capping, wrought iron double gates having cast-iron finials, sections of wrought iron flanking railings incorporating pedestrian gates, granite ashlar outer piers with stringcourses supporting inscribed friezes, carved cornices supporting cut-granite capping, unpainted rendered curved flanking walls with cut-granite coping, granite ashlar terminating piers with stringcourses supporting inscribed friezes, and carved cornices supporting cut-granite capping. Road fronted at entrance to grounds of Mount Loftus (House).
Appraisal
An elegantly-appointed Classically-detailed gateway displaying particularly fine stone masonry in notoriously difficult granite sourced from a quarry on site. Iron work incorporating cast-iron embellishments further enhances the aesthetic appeal of a composition making a positive visual statement at the entrance to the grounds of Mount Loftus (House).
The Landed Gentry & Aristocracy: Kilkenny. Volume 1. Art Kavanagh, 2004.
Loftus of Mount Loftus
p. 146. It is reputed that the Mount Loftus estate or Mount Eaton as it was then known was won in a card game. The then owner was Mr John Eaton, a grandson of the original grantee of the same name. It would appear that the winner of the game was Rt Hon Nicholas Lord Loftus, 1st Viscount Ely. The difficulty encountered by the Rt Hon Nichoals in getting actual possessin would lead one to believe taht the story of the card game was very probably true.
Lord Loftus was compelled to seek legal redress and obtained a Chancery suit. Eaton refused to quit. …
p. 148. Edward Loftus, an illegitimate son of Sir Nicholas, by his Irish housekeeper Mary Hernon, became the beneficiary of John Eaton’s largesse. At a later stage a fine house was built and the name was changed to Mount Loftus.
p. 150. Queen Elizabeth granted Kilcloggan (in Co Wexford) which was a preceptory of the Knights Templars, and subsequently of the Knights Hospitallers, to Sir Dudley, where he lived until his death in 1616. Kilcloggan, now known as Templetown was said to have been granted to the Knights Templar by one Concubhair O’Mordha of Laois in the 12th century and is the only Templar foundation in Ireland that resulted from Gaelic patronage. After the dissolution the property was leased to James Sherlock of Waterford and later granted to Dudley Loftus.
Mark Bence-Jones. A Guide to Irish Country Houses (originally published as Burke’s Guide to Country Houses volume 1 Ireland by Burke’s Peerage Ltd. 1978); Revised edition 1988 Constable and Company Ltd, London.
p. 206. “A house of two storeys over a basement built probably between 1760-70 by William Colles, owner of the nearby Kilkenny Marble Works, which supplied the familiar black marble chimneypieces to houses all over Ireland. Of an unusual cruciform plan, one arm having a pedimented one bay end with a Venetian doorway; the two arms at right angles ending in curved bows.”
Millmount, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Millmount, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Detached three-bay two-storey over basement Classical-style house with dormer attic, c.1775, on a cruciform plan with single-bay two-storey pedimented projecting entrance bay to centre, single-bay two-storey side elevations having single-bay full-height bows, and single-bay two-storey return to south. Mostly refenestrated. Hipped slate roof on a cruciform plan (gabled to entrance bay and to return; continuing into half-conical roofs to bows) with clay ridge tiles, rendered chimney stacks, slightly sproketed eaves, and cast-iron rainwater goods on moulded cut-limestone eaves having iron brackets. Unpainted rendered walls with cut-limestone dressings including carved stringcourse to basement, quoins to corners, and moulded surround to pediment. Square-headed window openings (lunette window opening to pediment) with cut-limestone sills, cut-limestone surrounds (no surrounds to basement), and replacement uPVC casement windows retaining eight-over-eight timber sash windows to basement having wrought iron bars. Venetian door opening with cut-limestone surround including channelled piers supporting moulded cornice, moulded archivolt having keystone, timber panelled door having sidelights, and fanlight. Interior with timber panelled shutters to window openings. Road fronted.
Appraisal
A well-appointed Classical-style house built for William Colles (n. d.) with the scale and fine detailing suggesting a patron of substantial means having associations with the nearby Highrath Marble Sawing Mill complex (not included in survey). Distinctive attributes enhancing the formal architectural design value of the composition include a Venetian door arrangement, elegant bows, and so on while limestone dressings displaying good quality craftsmanship further enliven the external expression of the house. However, while most of the attributes survive in place including evidence of the original fabric to the interior the character of the house has not benefited from the insertion of inappropriate replacement fittings to most of the openings.
Paddy Rossmore. Photographs. Edited by Robert O’Byrne. The Lilliput Press, Dublin 7, 2019.
“Mill Mount was the site of a marble works established in the early eighteenth century by local entrepreneur William Colles who invented machinery for sawing, boring and polishing stone, all of which formerly had to be done by hand… He is believed to have been the builder of several country houses such as Bessborough and Woodstock, as well as the Tholsel in Kilkenny which he may also have designed. Following his death in 1770, the business was inherited by a son, also called William Colles, and he is said to have designed and built Mill Mount, presumably before his own death in 1779. …”
Mark Bence-Jones. A Guide to Irish Country Houses (originally published as Burke’s Guide to Country Houses volume 1 Ireland by Burke’s Peerage Ltd. 1978); Revised edition 1988 Constable and Company Ltd, London.
p. 198. “(sub Solly-Flood/LGI1912; Butler sub Dunboyne/B/PB) A house of ca 1745, remodelled 1830 with a veranda along its front in the Regency style. Originally owned by the Flood family; owned later in C18 by Richard Griffith, who, like his wife, was a talented novelist and letter-writer; owned later again by Rev Ambrose Smith; bought in C19 by John Butler [1815-1884], of the Dunboyne family. A wing was added 1910.”
Maiden Hall, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Detached three-bay three-storey over part-raised basement country house, built 1740, with two-bay single-storey advanced end block to right, two-bay three-storey side elevations, and two-bay two-storey return to west having canted bay window to left ground floor. Renovated, pre-1902, with entrance reoriented to side (south) elevation having three-bay single-storey flat-roofed projecting entrance bay added. Part reroofed, 2000. Pitched slate roofs (replacement slate, 2000, to return) with clay ridge tiles, rendered chimney stacks, rooflights, and cast-iron rainwater goods on overhanging eaves (having consoles to return). Flat roof to entrance bay not visible behind parapet. Ivy-clad roughcast walls with painted rendered walls to entrance bay having frieze, moulded cornice, and blocking course to parapet. Square-headed window openings (including to canted bay window; in tripartite arrangement over) with cut-limestone sills, six-over-six and three-over-three (top floor) timber sash windows (two-over-two sidelights to tripartite opening with one-over-one timber sash windows to ground floor to return). Square-headed openings to entrance bay forming pedimented Tuscan portico in antis with paired columns having engaged outer columns, moulded entablature, frieze, and triangular pediment on paired consoles. Segmental-headed door opening with cut-limestone step, and timber panelled door having fanlight. Interior with timber panelled shutters to window openings. Set back from road in own grounds.
Appraisal
An elegantly-appointed substantial country house incorporating Classically-derived proportions with the diminishing in scale of the openings on each level forming a tiered visual effect enhancing the formal architectural design value of the composition. Subsequently reoriented the house is identified by the somewhat awkward off-centre appearance of the reconfigured entrance front incorporating a pleasant portico. Having historically been well maintained the house presents an early aspect with the original fabric surviving largely intact both to the exterior and to the interior. The house remains of additional importance in the locality for the connections with the Smith, the Hunt, and the Kingstown (Kingston) families as well as the Butler family including Hubert Butler (1900-91), essayist and historian.
Maiden Hall, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Maiden Hall, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Maiden Hall, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Maiden Hall, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Maiden Hall, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Maiden Hall, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Maiden Hall, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Farmyard complex, established 1740, including: (i) Detached five-bay two-storey stable outbuilding. Pitched slate roof with clay ridge tiles, and cast-iron rainwater goods. Random rubble limestone walls. Camber-headed window openings with cut-limestone sills, yellow brick block-and-start surrounds, and timber casement windows. Square-headed door openings to ground floor with camber-headed door openings to first floor having timber lintels, yellow brick block-and-start surrounds, tongue-and-groove timber panelled half-doors to ground floor having overlights, and tongue-and-groove timber panelled doors to first floor. Set back from road in grounds shared with Maiden Hall (House) about a stone cobbled courtyard with random rubble limestone boundary wall to courtyard having rendered coping, and rubble limestone piers having rendered capping. (ii) Freestanding cast-iron waterpump, c.1900, comprising banded cylindrical shaft with spout, moulded necking supporting fluted cylindrical head having curvilinear ‘cow tail’ handle, and fluted ogee-domed capping on stringcourse having finial.
Appraisal
A middle-size outbuilding range together with a collection of related artefacts forming a modest-scale farmyard complex contributing positively to the group and setting values of the Maiden Hall (House) estate.
The Landed Gentry & Aristocracy: Kilkenny. Volume 1. Art Kavanagh, 2004.
Butler of Maidenhall
p. 50. The family took up residence in the mid 1800s. Before that it was built and occupied by a Henry and Frances Griffith in the mid 18C. Henry was an intellectual and entrepreneur and his wife was a writer. [Henry got a grant from parliament for starting linen manufacturing on the Nore. He built a factory and his house, Maidenhall, c. 1745. An expected second grant did not materialise and as Henry was heavily mortgaged his business was ruined. The couple turned their hands to writing. She was the first English translator of Voltaire. ] Hubert Butler found them a most extraordinary couple and in his book Escape from the Anthill he devoted the first chapter to them under the title Henry and Frances.
p. 54. The Butlers of Maidenhall descended from the Butlers of Dunboyne, who resided at Kiltynan Castle in County Tipperary until the time of Cromwell when the castle was battered by cannon and was later granted with part of the Dunboyne estate to Edward Cooke, an adventurer.
The first Baron of Dunboyne was Edmund Butler… the Barony of Dunboyne was conferred on Edmund by Henry VIII in 1541. .. Edmund was given a further grant on lands in Tipperary in 1543.
p. 55. Sir Edmund died in prison in 1567 and was succeeded by his son James 2nd Baron of Dunboyne. [fn. 1st Baron had taken part in a rebellion at that time which was led by the sons of the Earl of Ormonde. The Earl’s sons escaped the scaffold because of the Earl’s influence.] He married twice and the seventh son of the second marriage was the ancestor of the Butlers of Maidenhall.
It is not clear when the main branch of the Butlers became Protestant but towards the close of the 17C the catholic Bishop of Cork, the Right Rev and Hon. John Butler succeeded to the Dunboyne title and estates at the age of 67. He promptly turned Protestant, in order that no obstacle could be put in the way of succession and took his cousin as a wife, hoping to produce a successor, but in this her failed. After his death the title went to his cousin james Butler who became 13th Baron. The Bishop left a valuable endowment to Maynooth College still known today as Dunboyne House.
Mark Bence-Jones. A Guide to Irish Country Houses (originally published as Burke’s Guide to Country Houses volume 1 Ireland by Burke’s Peerage Ltd. 1978); Revised edition 1988 Constable and Company Ltd, London.
p. 175. “(Bushe/LGI1912; butler, sub Mountgarrett, V/PB; Archer Houblon/IFR) A house of many periods, part of it believed to date from C17 or earlier; but now predominantly C18 and early C19. The back of the main block is three storey, but it has a two storey front of mid-C18 appearance; five bay, the roof parapet beign adorned with urnds. This front is now flanked by single-storey one bay early C19 Classical wings, with Wyatt windows and dies surmounted by sphinxes; the left-hand one extending along the whole side of the house to form a single-storey entrance front, with centrepiece of Doric pilasters and half-columns. The wings were added between 1814 and 1830 by the great advocate and orator, Charles Kendal Bushe, Chief Justice of Ireland, known as “the Incorruptible,” whose house this was. In 1788, when he came of age, he unwittingly signed a paper making himself responsible for the debts of his father, a squarson of extravagant habits; with the result that Kilmurry, which he loved, had to be sold. In 1814, when he was at the height of his career, he and his wife came to stay with the other branchof the Bushes at a neighbouring house, Kilfane; riding over to Kilmurry, he found the place for sale again and the trees marked for felling; but to his great sorrow, he did not feel that he could afford to buy it back. However, when he told his wife, she sprung the pleasant surprise that she had saved up all the money which he had given her…and which amounted to a sum large enough to enable him to buy back his old home. The wings added by Charles Kendal Bushe contain a hall with recessed screen of fluted Ionic columns, a library with bookcases recessed under arches and a dining room which was adorned, later in C19, with elaborate wood-carving. A fine long drawing room occupies the whole of C18 front, it was formed out of the previous entrance hall and the rooms on either side of it; beyond this drawing room was another drawing room in one of the wings, which has been made into a loggia by the removal of the back wall. Al the rooms have early C19 doorcases with rosettes and reeded mouldings. The children of Charles Kendal Bushe sold Kilmurry after his death to Major Henry Butler, of the Mountgarret family’ whose daughter, Miss Mildred Butler, the eminent water colour painter, bequeathed it to her cousin, Mrs Archer Houblon, the Equestrian.”
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ie
The reception rooms are grandly proportioned and embellished with original details, such as ornately carved fireplace mantles and crown mouldings. Carefully sourced limestone and reclaimed American pine replicate the original floors, and bespoke furnishings echo the period character of each room. Kilmurry House is a luxurious family home for the 21st-century, with ample spaces for relaxation, recreation, and entertaining. The heart of the house is the vast chef’s kitchen, which flows into a den and out to a courtyard.
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ie
The flowerroom, now a games room, opens onto a terrace. The orangery (once Butler’s studio) is another favourite place of the owners, restored to its original 18th century dimensions. The grand ballroom offers views to the lake and the Capability Brown landscape beyond. The indoor pool is a contemporary addition with walls of glass that open to a sun terrace in summer and provide insulation in the winter.
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ie
A gated entry introduces Kilmurry House, opening to a long tree-line drive through the historic grounds and ending at an elegant forecourt. A light-filled reception hall with a fireplace welcomes guests and flows into the formal living and dining rooms. An open staircase rises to the bedrooms on the top two levels. The primary suite is appointed with a fireplace, a dressing room, and a lavish bathroom, and overlooks the two-acre walled garden which inspired much of Butler’s work. Her best-known painting, The Lilac Phlox, depicts the plant that has flourished on the property for over a century. A Remarkable Setting Kilmurry’s grounds are a nature lover’s sanctuary offering ultimately peace and privacy in an idyllic rural setting. The owners have applied the same high standards in the interior restoration to the exterior, extending the estate’s parkland to more than 90 acres. Lawned gardens, with space for a helipad, grace the front and rear of the house. The resplendent two-acre walled garden is quintessentially Georgian in its scale and symmetry. The courtyard cottage with its own kitchen and sitting room could be used as staff quarters as could the original two-bedroom gate lodge with its modern kitchen and bathroom. Beyond the gardens is a serene lake surrounded by mature woodlands—a habitat for red squirrels, hares, hedgehogs, foxes, pheasants, otters, and a pair of nesting eagles. Other delights are the children’s adventure trail and zip line through the woods. The remaining acreage is composed of paddocks and wooded pastures for horses and livestock.
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ie
18th-century manor on over 90 acres in Co. Kilkenny, Ireland – Palladian manor house faithfully restored and luxuriously appointed for the 21st century – Complete peace, privacy, and security within an idyllic rural landscape – Lifelong home of renowned Irish artist Mildred Anne Butler – 11 bedrooms, 8 bathrooms, art gallery, ballroom, library, orangery, and indoor pool – Double garage – Two bedroom gate lodge with its own seperate access – Georgian walled garden, paddocks, pastures, woodland, and a trout lake – Estate’s grounds are a habitat for eagles, otters, red squirrels, and other wildlife – Thomastown: 5 minutes; Mount Juliet Golf Course: 15 minutes; Kilkenny City: 20 minutes; Dublin City Centre and Dublin International Airport: 1.5 hours Kilmurry House, the birthplace of Irish watercolourist Mildred Anne Butler, is quite simply one of the finest country manors in all of Ireland. The Georgian house, executed in timeless Palladian style, was Butler’s lifelong home: Its former orangery was her studio; its walled gardens, lake, and woodland were the setting for many of her finest en plein air pastoral and wildlife paintings. Named to the Royal Academy in 1893, Butler painted to international acclaim for more than 30 years. The National Gallery of Ireland purchased seven of her watercolours for its permanent collection. A watercolour of a pair of rooks was commissioned for the Library in Queen Mary’s Dolls’ House. Her legacy abides in Kilmurry House, where some of her Kilmurry landscapes hang in the home’s art gallery, painted from a nearby window facing the picturesque grounds. The great house itself, set within a private demesne in excess of 90 acres in Thomastown, County Kilkenny, dates from 1690. Butler’s father, Captain Henry Butler, grandson of the 11th Viscount Mountgarret, purchased Kilmurry House in the late 1800s, and it remained in the Butler family until 1981. The latest restoration by the current owners extended the home to approx. 17,861 square feet with 11 bedrooms and eight bathrooms while retaining the order and symmetry of the original Georgian design. The Manor House Kilmurry House is an elegant five-bay, three-story limestone structure above a garden-level villa. What is most notable about the house is the amount of natural light, rare in historic homes. Here, glass doors and double-height windows bring in the light and the views.
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ieKilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy myhome.ie
The reception rooms are grandly proportioned and embellished with original details, such as ornately carved fireplace mantles and crown mouldings. Carefully sourced limestone and reclaimed American pine replicate the original floors, and bespoke furnishings echo the period character of each room. Kilmurry House is a luxurious family home for the 21st-century, with ample spaces for relaxation, recreation, and entertaining. The heart of the house is the vast chef’s kitchen, which flows into a den and out to a courtyard. The flowerroom, now a games room, opens onto a terrace. The orangery (once Butler’s studio) is another favourite place of the owners, restored to its original 18th century dimensions. The grand ballroom offers views to the lake and the Capability Brown landscape beyond. The indoor pool is a contemporary addition with walls of glass that open to a sun terrace in summer and provide insulation in the winter. A gated entry introduces Kilmurry House, opening to a long tree-line drive through the historic grounds and ending at an elegant forecourt. A light-filled reception hall with a fireplace welcomes guests and flows into the formal living and dining rooms. An open staircase rises to the bedrooms on the top two levels. The primary suite is appointed with a fireplace, a dressing room, and a lavish bathroom, and overlooks the two-acre walled garden which inspired much of Butler’s work. Her best-known painting, The Lilac Phlox, depicts the plant that has flourished on the property for over a century. A Remarkable Setting Kilmurry’s grounds are a nature lover’s sanctuary offering ultimately peace and privacy in an idyllic rural setting. The owners have applied the same high standards in the interior restoration to the exterior, extending the estate’s parkland to more than 90 acres. Lawned gardens, with space for a helipad, grace the front and rear of the house. The resplendent two-acre walled garden is quintessentially Georgian in its scale and symmetry. The courtyard cottage with its own kitchen and sitting room could be used as staff quarters as could the original two-bedroom gate lodge with its modern kitchen and bathroom. Beyond the gardens is a serene lake surrounded by mature woodlands—a habitat for red squirrels, hares, hedgehogs, foxes, pheasants, otters, and a pair of nesting eagles. Other delights are the children’s adventure trail and zip line through the woods. The remaining acreage is composed of paddocks and wooded pastures for horses and livestock.
The estate is within a 20-minute drive of Kilkenny City, once the medieval capital of Ireland, and 1.5 hours from both Dublin City Centre and Dublin International Airport. Thomastown, just five minutes away, is a beautiful market town along the River Nore, known for its salmon and trout fisheries. Notable landmarks in the vicinity include Jerpoint Abbey, Kilfane Glen Gardens, and the world-renowned Mount Juliet Golf Course. Additional features State of the art monitored security system. Fully rewired with KNX system Source pump/air exchange assisted heating system Underfloor heating throughout the ground floor Sub zero and wolf appliances Source pump heated swimming pool Double garage
In October 1981 Christie’s held an auction on its premises in London, offering the studio contents of an Irish artist who had died 40 years earlier and, until this sale, had been largely forgotten. The artist in question was Mildred Anne Butler, born into a gentry family in County Kilkenny in 1858. Following her father’s death in 1881, she trained in London and then travelled elsewhere in Europe to improve her technique, specialising in watercolour. By 1892 she was exhibiting with the Watercolour Society of Ireland and she also showed work at both the Royal Academy in London and the Royal Hibernian Academy in Dublin. Throughout her life, the same subjects recurred: primarily birds, animals such as cattle and garden scenes, usually recorded from the immediate surroundings of Kilmurry, her family home in County Kilkenny. Here she lived until her death in October 1941 at the age of 83: although one of six children, she survived all her siblings, none of whom had offspring, and so she inherited the property. She bequeathed Kilmurry and its contents to a distant cousin, Doreen Archer Houblon and it was only a few years after the latter’s death that the contents of Butler’s studio were offered for sale. It was an opportune moment, since this style of work had begun to come back into fashion: Edith Holden’s Country Diary of an Edwardian Lady, which came out in 1977, had been a publishing sensation, selling over one million copies in its first year. And the work of another Irish watercolourist and contemporary of Mildred Anne Butler, Rose Barton, was also experiencing a revival in popularity. Ever since then, Kilmurry has been associated with Butler but the story of an earlier owner is just as interesting, if not more so.
Kilmurry is a house that has been enlarged and altered on many occasions but the core of it, perhaps the section that forms the inner hall, is thought to date back to the 17th century, perhaps around the time that the lands here were granted to Colonel John Bushe. Originally an entrance hall with flanking reception rooms, what is today the main drawing room appears to have been added around the mid-18th century by the colonel’s grandson, Reverend Thomas Bushe, Rector of Gowran, Prebendary of Inniscarra, and Chaplain of King’s College, Mitchelstown, Co. Cork. According to Richard Lalor Sheil, the Rev. Bushe ‘was in the enjoyment of a lucrative living, and being of an ancient family, which had established itself in Ireland in the reign of Charles the Second, he thought it incumbent upon him to live upon a scale of expenditure more consistent with Irish notions of dignity than English maxims of economy and good sense.’ In other words, he was inclined to allow expenditure to exceed income and in consequence fell badly into debt. In 1767 the Rev. Bushe and his wife Catherine had a son, Charles Kendal Bushe, whose middle name arose from the following circumstances. One night an elderly man called Kendal, who lived not far away on what is now the Mount Juliet estate, sought refuge at Kilmurry, having been attacked and robbed by highwaymen. So grateful was Mr Kendal for the assistance provided by the Bushes that, when he died, he left all his property to the family, on condition that the eldest son should bear his name. It will not come as a surprise that the Rev Bushe, owing to his impecunious state, subsequently sold this unexpected inheritance. Meanwhile his son Charles Kendal, became an extremely successful lawyer: in due course he would act as Solicitor-General for Ireland (1805-1822) and then Lord Chief Justice of the King’s Bench for Ireland (1822-1841). Unfortunately, as a young man he had signed some papers presented to him by his father without knowing what they contained: at the age of 21, he discovered that he was saddled with some £30,000 worth of parental debts. Kilmurry, which he adored, had to be sold and he left Ireland to avoid creditors. Meanwhile, the feckless Rev Bushe retired to his living in Mitchelstown.
In December 1793 Charles Kendal Bushe married Anne Crampton and thanks to her dowry – and a loan from a friend – he was able to pay off his most pressing creditors and return to Ireland where his career flourished. Nevertheless, he was never rich and so, in 1814 when Kilmurry was once more offered for sale, he lacked the necessary funds to repurchase his old family home. That is, until his wife told him that she had saved all the money he had given her over the years to buy jewellery and other items: the sum was sufficient to cover the purchase price, and the Bushes now moved back to Kilmurry. It is likely that soon after this further alterations were made to the property. The west-facing, five-bay building, its limestone parapet lined with urns, which had been added by the Rev Bushe was now flanked by single-storey wings with tripartite windows and dies surmounted by sphinxes. A new, severely neo-classical entrance was created on the north front with Doric pilasters and half-columns. Immediately inside is the hall, with the library to the right and the dining room to the right. Continuing through the house, the next space is a substantial inner hall (as mentioned, likely to be the oldest part of the building) with the drawing room to the right and staircase hall to the left, the latter leading to what were formerly service quarters. To the rear lies an orangery (once Mildred Anne Butler’s studio) which looks over the two-acre walled garden. Despite his passion for the place, after Charles Kendal Bushe died in 1843 his children sold Kilmurry, the new owner being Captain Henry Butler, father of Mildred Anne Butler and himself a talented artist. Creativity ran in the family, because the dining room in Kilmurry contains an extraordinary chimneypiece, elaborately carved by another of the captain’s daughters, Isabel Butler, together with a local carpenter. Unfortunately, following the death of Doreen Archer Houblon, all the contents of the house were sold, not just Mildred Anne Butler’s studio, but the furniture and some 5,000 books in the library. Kilmurry then went into a period of serious decline before being bought and wonderfully restored by the present owners. More recently they have placed the property on the market: perhaps the house awaits another Anne Kendal Bushe with her secret stash of funds…
The Landed Gentry & Aristocracy: Kilkenny. Volume 1. Art Kavanagh, 2004.
Butler (Earls of Ormonde)
entry in MacDonnell, Randal. The Lost Houses of Ireland. A chronicle of great houses and the families who lived in them. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. London, 2002
“A mid-18th century house incorporating parts of a 17th century building, Kilmurry was remodelled after 1814 by Sir Richard Morrison for Charles Kendall Bushe, later Chief Justice of the Queen’s Bench in Ireland….p. 144: …came into the ownership of the Bushe family as a result of the redistribution of Irish properties by Cromwell’s commissioners. The demesne of Kilmurry had originally been seized by the Normans in the late 12th century and in 1222 a Gilbert de Kentewell possessed the lands at Kilfane, which he held from the Bishop of Ossory. His descendent, John Cantwell, was transplanted to Connacht in the Cromwellian settlement of Ireland and his land was given away to supporters of the victorious regime. In this instance, they went to Col. John “Fire-away-Flanagan” Bushe.”
“In 1690, he took the side of William of Orange and, during one of the skirmishes of the so-called ‘Glorious Revolution’ he was sent to demand the surrender of Kilkenny Castle. A Jacobite officer, named O’Flanagan, ordered him to leave at once or he would be fired upon. The Col’s reply provided his nickname and he went on to capture the castle for the Stadtholder. The fate of O’Flanagan is not recorded.
The Col had two sons. The elder, Amyas Bushe of Kilfane, married Eleanor, the daughter of Christopher Wandesford, in 1706. The younger son, Arthur Bushe of Kilmurry, was born in 1691 and graduated from Trinity College Dublin in 1711. Arthur’s son, Thomas Bushe, was variously Prebendary if Inniscarra in County Cork, and chaplain to Kingston College in the same county. His wife Catherine was the granddaughter of Sir John Boyle, solicitor general of Ireland.
“Thomas Bushe was a gambler and spendthrift… who had allegedly inherited the property now called Mount Juliet in the following romantic circumstances. It appears that some years previously an elderly gentleman had arrived at Kilmurry in a post chaise and announced that he had been robbed by highwaymen and all his papers had been taken. Mr Bushe gathered his workmen and, within a few hours, returned with the stolen goods. The next part of th tale is extraordinary: the elderly gentleman then announced that he wished to spend his remaining days at Kilmurry and, even more amazingly, the Bushes agreed. When the old man died, it transpired that he had left his estate to the Rev Mr. Bushe on the sole condition that his family should give the surname of their benefactor – Kendal – as a Christian name to each of their heirs.
“Whatever the real truth, the Mount Juliet estate had to be sold eventually in order to pay the Rev’s debts. …His problem was that his sole remaining asset, Kilmurry, was entailed to his son and heir, young Charles Kendal Bushe… On the morning of Charles’s 21st birthday, his father entered his bedroom and asked him to sign some papers, telling him that he need not concern himself too much with their content. Charles did as he was bid and only then discovered that he, now legally of age, had agreed to shoulder his father’s mountain of debts. Forced to sell his family home, he had to support himself by his chosen profession, the law. To make matters worse, he had a wife and a growing family to support at that time.
“Kilmurry was sold in 1788 to a Dr Hoskyn… and the Bushe family moved to Dublin. The doctor sold it to a Major Alcock, who was in charge of the Kilkenny militia at the Battle of Castlebar in 1798. The rebels were aided by French troops under General Humbert at this battle and it has gone down in history as “the Races of Castlebar” because of the speed with which the Government forces (including Major Alcock) fled the field. [p. 145]
p. 146: “The British government, at war with revolutionary France, annoyed by the independent stance that had been taken by the Irish Parliament and concerned after the rebellion of 1798, decided to pass an Act of Union which would close down the Dublin legislature and move the Government of Ireland to the Westminster Parliament. The Prime Minister William Pitt the younger, did not intend to let either chance or unfettered democracy stand in his way with regard to this measure. Accordingly, his agents were sent out with bribes of money, titles and offices to the prospective electors, who were the members of both houses of the Irish Parliament. Charles Bushe had been elected to this body and, despite the fact that he was quite poor… he refused to vote for the Union of Great Britain with Ireland. The government in London tried every means within their power to persuade him to change his mind. He was offered the position of Master of the Rolls, a peerage and later a very large sum of money. In consequence of his behaviour there is, in the list of members of the Irish House of Commons compiled by Sir Johan Barrington, a single word placed against his name: “incorruptible.”
“Charles was Solicitor General for Ireland for 17 years, from 1805-1822. His wife Ann (whom he called Nancy) was the daughter of John Crampton from Merrion Square in Dublin. Charles was devoted to her and they were an unusally close couple. He took no decision without her advice and noce he became a successful lawyer, he was in the habit of giving her handfuls of banknotes and saying “There you are, buy jewels!” He returned to Kilkenny in 1814 to stay with his cousin, Gervase Parker Bushe and his wife Eliza, who lived at Kilfane, the neighbouring estate to Kilmurry. On hearing that his childhood home was up for sale, Charles rode over and found the property in a sorry state, with the trees marked for felling. He decided to buy back the estate but could raise only two-thirds of the sum required. When she heard this, Nancy took him aside and showed him her bankbook. What he saw astonished him. It transpired that every time he gave her money to buy something pretty for herself, she had banked it, providing a sum which, together with his own resources, not only enabled him to buy back Kilmurry House but also to restore and enlarge it.”…[he] added the two single-storey wings when he moved back into the house. The plasterwork and the design of the new wings suggest the hand of Sir Richard Morrison and his son, William Vitruvius…Charles knew of the Morrison’s work. They had designed two houses, Lough Bray Cottage and St Valery, both in County Wicklow, for his brother-in-law Sir Philip Crampton, a distinguished physician, and in 1813 they had built Glencairn Abbey (Castle Richard) [County Waterford] for his cousin, Amyas Bushe.
“In the entrance hall of Kilmurry House, beyond which lies the blue music room, ivory-coloured Ionic columns are flanked by pilasters. The staircase hall is two storeys high and the ballroom (formed from the original entrance hall and the rooms on either side of it) [p. 147] overlooks the lake. In the ceiling of the new entrance hall, placed in one of the new wings, is a central glazed lantern. Each of the wings is surmounted by a sphinx and the roof parapet is lined iht carved stone urns; both wings have Wyatt windows. Off the hall are the drawing room, the dining room and library, which has bookcases recessed under curved arches. There is a lake behind the house and a three-acre walled garden.”
“There is a biography of [Charles Bushe] by his granddaughter Edith Somerville… His son, John Bushe, married Lady Louisa Hare, the daughter of the Earl of Listowel, but it was his daughter Katherine and her husband Michael Fox, who sold the estate to Major Henry Butler, a grandson of the 11th Viscount Mountgarrett.
…One of his daugthers was Mildred Anne Butler. She had two sisters, one of whom was an accomplished woodcarver – the diningroom has an oak chimneypiece, 20 feet high, which was carved by her in 1896 in the Arts and Crafts style – and three brothers, who followed their father into the army. Eventually Mildred outlived them all and inherited Kilmurry.
…The recurring inspiration for her work seems to have been Kilmurry itself – she removed a wall between a drawing room and the garden in order to create her studio.
p. 148. “Mildred Anne Butler died in 1941 and left Kilmurry to her cousin Doreen Archer-Houblon who, together with her sister, Kitty Brocklebank, preserved and cared for Miss Butler’s legacy with the greatest care until it was sold in 1981 and the contents were dispersed. Kilmurry House was placed on the market again in 2001.”
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Detached five-bay two-storey double-pile over basement country house, c.1750, possibly incorporating fabric of earlier house, 1691, on site with two-bay two-storey lower return to east. Extended, 1814-30, comprising single-bay single-storey recessed flanking end bays returning along side (north) elevation as five-bay single-storey entrance range. Hipped double-pile (M-profile) slate roofs behind parapets (hipped to return; hipped to end bays/entrance range) with clay ridge tiles having sections of rolled lead ridges, limestone ashlar chimney stacks having some rendered chimney stacks throughout, and concealed cast-iron rainwater goods. Ivy-clad unpainted rendered walls (possibly ruled and lined; painted rendered walls to entrance range) with cut-limestone dressings including quoins to corners, band to eaves supporting carved cornice, and blocking course to parapets having urns (rising to centre to end bays incorporating rectangular recessed panels). Square-headed window openings (in tripartite arrangement to end bays having rectangular recesses over) with cut-limestone sills, moulded rendered surrounds (with friezes to entrance range having moulded entablatures supporting blocking course), and six-over-six timber sash windows (four-over-four timber sash windows to ground floor) having six-over-nine timber sash windows to tripartite openings with timber panelled pilaster mullions leading to two-over-three sidelights. Square-headed door opening with cut-limestone step, moulded rendered surround, and glazed timber panelled double French doors having overlight. Square-headed door opening to entrance range in Classical-style tetrastyle frontispiece (comprising engaged columns with flanking pilasters supporting frieze, modillion cornice, and blocking course to parapet rising to centre incorporating rectangular recessed panel) with cut-stone step, moulded rendered surround, timber panelled double doors having overlight, and shield plaque over. Interior with timber panelled shutters to window openings. Set back from road in own grounds with landscaped grounds to site. (ii) Attached four-bay single-storey service wing/servants’ wing with dormer attic, c.1750, parallel to east. Pitched slate roof (gabled to dormer attic windows) with clay ridge tiles, rendered chimney stacks, rendered coping, rooflights, decorative timber bargeboards to dormer attic windows, and cast-iron rainwater goods on red brick eaves having sections of saw-tooth detailing. Painted rendered walls. Square-headed window openings with cut-limestone sills, red brick dressings to dormer attic, and two-over-two timber sash windows.
Appraisal
Forming an important element of the domestic architectural heritage of County Kilkenny an elegantly-composed mid eighteenth-century substantial country house represents the continuation of a long-standing occupation of a site having origins dating back to at least the late seventeenth century. Classically-derived proportions, refined detailing, and so on all serve to enhance the architectural design value of the composition while additional ranges established under the direction of Charles Kendal Bushe (1767-1843), Chief Justice of Ireland, further enhance the formal quality of the house. Having been carefully maintained the house presents an early aspect with substantial quantities of the historic fabric surviving intact both to the exterior and to the interior where an Arts-and-Crafts-style fireplace (1896) executed by E. Hollahan (fl. 1890s) features together with delicate Adamesque plasterwork. Forming the centrepiece of a large-scale landholding (including 12402846 – 9/KK-28-46 – 9) the house remains of additional importance in the locality for the connections with the Bushe, the Alcock, the Ponsonby, the Butler (including Mildred Anne Butler (1858-1941), artist), and the Archer-Houblon families.
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Farmyard complex, c.1750, including: Detached nine-bay single-storey outbuilding with half-dormer attic on an L-shaped plan with single-bay single-storey gabled projecting porch to ground floor, and two-bay single-storey projecting end bay to left having pair of elliptical-headed carriageways. Pitched slate roof on an L-shaped plan (gabled to porch) with clay ridge tiles, rendered chimney stacks, rooflights, decorative timber bargeboards to gables, and cast-iron rainwater goods on moulded eaves (possibly carved cut-limestone eaves). Painted roughcast walls with red brick walls to porch. Square-headed window openings (some in bipartite arrangement) with cut-limestone sills, and timber casement windows with some having two-over-two timber sash windows with overlights. Square-headed door openings with timber panelled doors (some having overlights). Pair of elliptical-headed carriageways to end bay with fittings not discernible. Set back from road in grounds shared with Kilmurry House.
Appraisal
A middle-size range contributing significantly to the group and setting values of the Kilmurry House estate while attesting to the various services put in place to facilitate the operation of a substantial landholding in the mid eighteenth century. Notwithstanding the utilitarian purpose of the complex a number of distinctive attributes elevate the architectural design value beyond the merely functional including the elegant bipartite arrangement to some openings, the introduction of red brick in the construction, some fine detailing, and so on. Having been well maintained to present an early aspect the outbuilding makes a positive contribution to the character of the grounds.
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Gateway, c.1825, comprising pair of dressed rubble stone piers with cut-limestone capping, gates now missing, and random rubble stone boundary wall having rubble stone vertical coping. Road fronted at entrance to grounds of Kilmurry House.
Appraisal
Notwithstanding the modifications carried out in the course of the construction of a later counterpart set back from the road the elementary attributes of an elegantly-appointed gateway prevail, thereby making a pleasing visual impression at the entrance to the grounds of the Kilmurry House estate.
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Pair of gate lodges, c.1825, comprising: (i: east) Detached single-bay single-storey gate lodge on a corner site with single-bay single-storey recessed lower flanking end bays. Now in private residential use. Hipped slate roof on a T-shaped plan with clay ridge tiles, rendered chimney stack, and cast-iron rainwater goods on cut-stone eaves. Coursed rubble stone walls (part painted). Square-headed window openings with painted sills, and two-over-two timber sash windows. Camber-headed door opening in square-headed recess (forming diastyle Doric portico in antis with cut-limestone columns) with painted cut-stone voussoirs having keystone, and glazed timber panelled door having sidelights. Set back from line road in own grounds on a corner site with random rubble stone boundary wall having cut-stone piers with cut-limestone capping, cut-limestone coping supporting iron railings incorporating decorative panels, and decorative iron gate. (ii: west) Detached single-bay single-storey gate lodge on a corner site with single-bay single-storey recessed lower flanking end bay to left. Refenestrated, c.1975. Now in private residential use. Hipped slate roofs with terracotta ridge tiles, and no rainwater goods on cut-stone eaves. Coursed rubble stone walls (part painted) with red brick Running bond walls to end bay. Square-headed window openings with painted sills, and replacement timber casement windows, c.1975. Camber-headed door opening in square-headed recess (forming diastyle Doric portico in antis with cut-limestone columns) with cut-stone voussoirs having keystone, and timber panelled door having sidelights. Set back from line road in own grounds on a corner site with random rubble stone boundary wall having cut-stone piers with cut-limestone capping, cut-limestone coping supporting iron railings incorporating decorative panels, and decorative iron gate.
Appraisal
Representing an integral component of a larger self-contained gateway ensemble (with 12402847/KK-28-47) a pair of gate lodges forms an appealing landmark at the entrance to the grounds of the Kilmurry House estate. Distinctive attributes including the porticoes identify the elegant architectural design value of the composition while the traditional construction in barely-refined locally-sourced stone produces an appealing textured visual effect. Having been well maintained each range presents an early aspect with most of the essential qualities surviving intact, thereby making a positive contribution to the character of the locality.
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Detached three-bay single-storey gate lodge, c.1825, with single-bay single-storey concave entrance bay to centre having prostyle diastyle Doric portico on a bowed plan. Now disused. Hipped slate roof (continuing into conical section to portico) with rolled lead ridges, red brick Running bond chimney stack, and iron rainwater goods on overhanging rendered eaves. Painted rendered, ruled and lined walls. Square-headed window openings with cut-limestone sills, moulded rendered surrounds, and timber casement windows having lattice glazing. Pair of square-headed door openings behind prostyle diastyle Doric portico (with pair of cut-granite columns) with moulded rendered surrounds, and glazed timber panelled doors. Set back from line of road in grounds shared with Kilmurry House. (ii) Remains of gateway, c.1825, to south comprising pedestrian gateway with pair of cut-granite piers having wrought iron gate with cast-iron finials, entablature, and carved cut-granite cornice supporting blocking course rising to centre.
Appraisal
A picturesque small-scale gate lodge exhibiting distinctive attributes redolent of the period of construction including the balanced configuration centred on a Classical portico, the overhanging roof, and so on all of which identify the architectural design value of the composition: the juxtaposition of a concave entrance bay with a bowed portico, the pretty glazing pattern to the openings, and so on further enhance the aesthetic value of the lodge. Forming a neat self-contained group with the remains of an attendant gateway the resulting ensemble makes a positive visual impression at the entrance to the grounds of the Kilmurry House estate.
Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Kilmurry, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Kilmurry House near Thomastown – Associated families – Bushe, Butler, subMountgarret, Archer Houblon. Parts believed to have been from the 17th century or earlier, but now predominantly 18th or early 19th century. Kilmurry House had been built by Colonel Bushe in the 1690s, when he built a seat on lands granted to him under the Cromwellian settlement. Charles Kendal Bushe, orator and advocate known as “The Incorruptible” added wings to the house between 1814 and 1830. His father the Reverend Thomas Bushe and his wife Katherine Doyle owned the house but he was forced to sell it to pay his debts. Charles was able to repurchase it in 1814 with money he had given his wife, Anne Campton to buy jewellery and which she had not spent. (Reference page 175 Burke’s Guide to Country Houses, Volume 1 – Ireland). Charles Kendal Bushe’s children sold the house after he died in 1843 to Major Henry Butler of the renowned Anglo-Irish Butlers of Ormonde dynasty of Kilkenny Castle. His daughter, Mildred Anne Butler (1858-1941), the water colour painter, bequeathed it to her cousin, [Doreen Archer Houblon, CVODoreen Archer Houblon, the equestrian. It remained in the Butler family until it was sold in 1981. The Irish businessman who bought the house for a reported €1.5m in 2009 attempted to modernise part of the listed building in 2011
A HONG Kong-based businessman has been ordered to stop demolition works at the 17th century listed Georgian house that inspired the paintings of a leading artist.
Local residents in Thomastown, Co Kilkenny, were dumbfounded when they noticed that part of the back of the stunning Kilmurry House had been knocked down. It is the home where celebrated Irish artist Mildred Anne Butler, who was born in 1858 and died in 1941, lived for most of her life.
The property dates to 1690 when a Colonel Bushe built a seat on lands granted to him under the Cromwellian settlement. In the late 1800s the estate was bought by Ms Butler’s father, Major Henry Butler of the renowned Anglo-Irish Butlers of Ormonde dynasty of Kilkenny Castle.
Modernise
Upon Ms Butler’s death in 1941, Kilmurry House was left to a cousin and it remained in the Butler family until it was sold in 1981. It would appear that the Irish businessman who bought the house for a reported €1.5m last year is attempting to modernise part of the listed building.
Part of the back of the house has already been levelled. However, no planning permission was granted for the works.
It was billed as one of the finest country houses in the south-east when it went on the market in 2007. Set on 20 acres and complete with its own trout lake, the nine-bedroom property had failed to sell at an original asking price of €4m, but was finally snapped up last year for a reported €1.5m by James Hennessy — an Irishman living abroad who was planning to relocate home.
Kilkenny County Council has now erected a notice at the site ordering Mr Hennessy, with an address in Repulse Bay, Hong Kong, to immediately bring the work to a halt.
The house had already been sympathetically renovated and restored, however, it appears Mr Hennessy had planned to put his own stamp on it.
The county council confirmed that the demolition works had now been stopped. However, substantial damage has been done.
Director of services with responsibility for planning, John McCormack, said that as soon as the matter was brought to the council’s attention it served a notice on Mr Hennessy.
Mr McCormack said the local authority took a “very dim view” of moves to alter protected structures without permission.
It remains to be seen what sanctions will be taken against Mr Hennessy but the council has not ruled out prosecuting the owner and forcing him to reinstate the house.
Attempts to contact Mr Hennessy were unsuccessful.
Mr McCormack said it was “unusual” for a period property owner to take such actions as they have a high regard for protected structures.
An enforcement notice on the property stated that Mr Hennessy must, within 24 hours, “cease all unauthorised works of demolition/restoration to Kilmurry House, a protected structure”.
The council warned that if these steps were not taken, it could enter the land and recover any “reasonable expenses incurred” for the operation.
Mr Hennessy has also been ordered to pay the county council €517.72 for investigating the planning issue and issuing the enforcement notice.
This 18th-Century nine-bedroom, 13,400 sq ft country mansion is surrounded by 20 acres of lawns and parkland and features a ballroom — ideal for soirees and parties for your friends.
Elsewhere on the property, there are three apartments, a walled garden, and lawns with mature trees.
The new owners can also catch their own dinner in the two-acre trout lake.
Coolmore, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Mark Bence-Jones. A Guide to Irish Country Houses (originally published as Burke’s Guide to Country Houses volume 1 Ireland by Burke’s Peerage Ltd. 1978); Revised edition 1988 Constable and Company Ltd, London.
p. 91. “(Connellan/LGI1912) A two storey five bay late-Georgian house with a single storey wing. Single storey Doric portico with die; entablatures over ground-floor windows; roof on cornice supported by unusually heavy brackets.”
Detached five-bay two-storey double-pile Classical-style country house, c.1800, with (single-storey) prostyle tetrastyle Tuscan portico to centre ground floor, two-bay two-storey side elevations, three-bay two-storey Garden (south) Front, and originally with single-bay double-height lower flanking bay to right continuing into three-bay two-storey wing on an L-shaped plan having single-bay two-storey projecting bay to right. Renovated, post-1903, with wing truncated producing single-bay two-storey recessed lower flanking bay leading into two-bay single-storey wing having four-bay single-storey rear (south) elevation. Hipped double-pile (M-profile) slate roof (hipped to flanking bay; hipped to wing) with rolled lead ridges, rendered chimney stack on access with ridge (rendered chimney stacks to remainder), and cast-iron rainwater goods on overhanging timber eaves having decorative timber consoles. Unpainted roughcast walls with cut-granite stringcourse to first floor. Square-headed window openings (in tripartite arrangement to side (east) elevation) with painted cut-limestone sills, rendered panelled surrounds to ground floor having foliate consoles supporting entablatures, moulded rendered surrounds to first floor, six-over-nine (ground floor with two-over-three sidelights to tripartite openings) and three-over-six (first floor with one-over-two sidelights to tripartite openings) timber sash windows having three-over-six timber sash windows to remainder. Square-headed door opening under prostyle tetrastyle Tuscan portico (approached by flight of cut-granite steps having cut-granite parapet, cut-granite columns having responsive pilasters supporting frieze, carved cornice on consoles, and blocking course to parapet having raised central panel) with carved cut-granite surround, and glazed timber panelled door having overlight. Interior with timber panelled shutters to window openings. Set back from road in own grounds with gravel forecourt, and landscaped grounds to site.
Appraisal
A very well appointed substantial country house exhibiting characteristics redolent of the emergent Regency period including elegantly-proportioned openings centred on a commanding portico, refined Classically-derived dressings, an oversailing roof, and so on all of which identify the architectural design significance of the composition. Having been carefully maintained the house presents an early aspect with the original essential attributes in place together with most of the historic fabric both to the exterior and to the interior. Forming the centrepiece of a large-scale landholding the house makes a positive visual impression on a slightly raised site overlooking the River Nore. The house remains of additional importance for the associations with the Herne, the Langrishe, the Connellan, and the Solly-Flood families.
Mark Bence-Jones. A Guide to Irish Country Houses (originally published as Burke’s Guide to Country Houses volume 1 Ireland by Burke’s Peerage Ltd. 1978); Revised edition 1988 Constable and Company Ltd, London.
p. 87. “(Morris/IFR) A low two storey Georgian house, with a slightly irregular five bay front.”
Clonmore House, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Detached five-bay two-storey country house, built 1759, possibly incorporating fabric of medieval range, 1449, on site with five-bay (single-bay deep) two-storey lower range parallel along rear (north) elevation continuing into two-bay two-storey return to north, and two-bay single-storey perpendicular (outbuilding/service) range with half-dormer attic having elliptical-headed carriageway to ground floor. Extensively renovated with replacement single-bay single-storey projecting porch added to centre ground floor. Hipped roof (hipped to porch; hipped to parallel range; pitched to return on an L-shaped plan with gablets to half-dormer attic windows) with replacement slate, clay ridge tiles, rendered chimney stacks having profiled capping, cut-limestone bellcote to gable to perpendicular range (with round-headed aperture between piers having cast-iron bell, and cut-limestone archivolt supporting finial), decorative timber bargeboards to gables, and replacement iron rainwater goods on timber eaves having paired consoles. Unpainted replacement roughcast walls over random rubble stone construction with quoins to corners, random cut-limestone walls to porch having cut-stone date stone (dated 1449), and exposed random rubble stone construction to part of return. Square-headed window openings (grouped in three-part arrangement to porch) with cut-limestone sills, moulded rendered surrounds having friezes to ground floor front (south) elevation supporting moulded entablatures, and replacement one-over-one timber sash windows having margins. Square-headed door openings to return and to perpendicular range with dressed rubble stone voussoirs, and replacement timber panelled doors. Elliptical-headed carriageway to ground floor perpendicular range with dressed rubble stone voussoirs, and replacement lifting door. Set back from road in own grounds.
Appraisal
A well-composed substantial country house reputed to have origins dating back to a fourteenth- or fifteenth-century castle or tower house connected with the Archdale-Morris family, thereby representing an important element of the archaeological heritage of County Kilkenny. Having undergone a comprehensive renovation project the essential composition attributes survive in place while replacement fittings allude to the earlier counterparts on site, thereby maintaining some of the integrity of the house. Forming the centrepiece of a middle-size landholding (with 12404220 – 2/KK-42-20 – 2) positioned overlooking the River Suir the house remains of additional importance for the associations with the Elliott and the Blunden families.
Clonmore House, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Clonmore House, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.Clonmore House, County Kilkenny, courtesy National Inventory.
Castletown Cox, County Kilkenny, Photograph from Knight Frank Estate agents.
Mark Bence-Jones. A Guide to Irish Country Houses (originally published as Burke’s Guide to Country Houses volume 1 Ireland by Burke’s Peerage Ltd. 1978); Revised edition 1988 Constable and Company Ltd, London.
p. 76. “(Cox, sub Villiers-Stuart/LGI1912; Wyndham-quin, Dunraven, E/PB; Blacque/LGI1958 and sub Waterford/M/PB) One of the most beautiful houses in Ireland, the masterpiece of Davis Duckart (Daviso de Arcort), the architect-engineer of Franco-Italian descent who came here in mid-C18, having been in the Sardinian service. Built 17567-71 for Michael Cox, Archbishop of Cashel, whose father, Sir Richard Cox, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, had obtained a lease of the estate from the Duke of Ormonde. Centre block of three storeys over basement and seven bays, flanked, in the Palladian manner, by stable and kitchen wings, which prolong two fronts of the house and then run outwards at right angles to form a partially enclosed forecourt. The centre block has a more or less similar facade on each of its two fronts, which is a variant of William Wynde’s Buckingham House in London: a centrepiece of four fluted Corinthian pilasters rising through the two lower storeys, and a Corithinan entablature running all round the building below the top storey, which is treated as an attic. The roof parapet is balustrated. The house is built of dressed sandstone and unpolished Kilkenny marble; the main block being of very finely cut stone, contrasting with the rougher stonework of the wings, which have ashlar dressings. The wings on either side of the garden front are arcaded, and terminate in pavilions with octagonal domes and cupolas.
Castletown Cox courtesy of Knight Frank.Castletown’s central block is flanked by arcades and domed pavilions and is set against the backdrop of the Co Kilkenny mountains, Castletown Cox County Kilkenny, Copyright Christopher Simon Sykes/The Interior Archive Ltd, CS_GI9_12Castletown Cox, County Kilkenny, from Country Life, photographer: Henson, 1917.Castletown Cox, County Kilkenny, from Country Life, photographer: Henson, 1917.Castletown Cox, County Kilkenny, from Country Life, photographer: Henson, 1917.
Bence-Jones continues: “Magnificent rococo plasterwork in the principal rooms by the Waterford stuccodore, Patrick Osborne; the hall, staircase hall and dining room having decorative plaster panels on their walls, as well as plasterwork ceilings. The hall has a screen of monolithic fluted Corithian columns of the same unpolished Kilkenny marble as that used in the exterior of the house; and a chimneypiece with terms. Castletown passed by inheritance to a branch of the Villiers-Stuart family; it was sold 1909 to Col. W.H. Wyndham-Quin, who laid out an elaborate knot garden at one side of the house and introduced various pieces of statuary. Ca 1928, having succeeded as 5th Earl of Dunraven 1926, he sold it to Major-Gen E.R. Blaque (son in law of Adm Lord Beresford), whose son, Mr Charles Blaque, re-sold it 1976. Subsequently bought and beautifully restored by the late Brian de Breffny. The delightful little Georgian church with a steeple, at the corner of teh demesne, is being restored as an ecumenical chapel.”
The Staircase Hall has richly decorated plaster panels and rococo plasterwork ceilings by Patrick Osborne which are being restored, Castletown Cox County Kilkenny, Copyright Christopher Simon Sykes/The Interior Archive Ltd, CS_GI9_20. Castletown Cox, Copyright Fritz von der Schulenburg/The Interior Archive Ltd, FS_56_18 Castletown Cox courtesy of Knight Frank: Sean O’Reilly tells us in Irish Houses and Gardens. From the Archives of Country Life that the geometric pattern of the saloon ceiling was probably inspired by Irish developments in the Adam style. This design was adapted for another house associated with the same designers, Temple Hill, Blackrock, Co Dublin. Castletown Cox courtesy of Knight FrankOne of Castletown’s many reception rooms with an ornate plasterwork ceiling is in the process of being restored, Castletown Cox County Kilkenny, Copyright Christopher Simon Sykes/The Interior Archive Ltd, CS_GI9_31. Castletown Cox, County Kilkenny, Photograph from Knight Frank Estate agents. Castletown Cox, Copyright Fritz von der Schulenburg/The Interior Archive Ltd, FS_56_29 Castletown Cox, County Kilkenny, Photograph from Knight Frank Estate agents.
Paddy Rossmore. Photographs. Edited by Robert O’Byrne. The Lilliput Press, Dublin 7, 2019.
“Inside, as this photograph shows, the house features ravishing rococo plasterwork by Waterford stuccodore Patrick Osborne.”
featured in Irish Houses and Gardens. From the Archives of Country Life. Sean O’Reilly. Aurum Press Ltd, London, 1998.
p. 47. “The appearance of Castletown Cox in Country Life in 1918 ushered in the extended if erratic era of the magazine’s interest in Irish Georgian architecture. The author is not credited, but the clear style and critical values suggest it is Weaver, and the article is acknowledged as such in his subsequent history of Heywood. Castletown Cox’s importance was affirmed by its being the first Irish house to receive the compliment of two articles on its first appearance. It was visited by Country Life again in the 1960s when the Knight of Glin presented his study of its architect, Davis Duckart. Situated in the mild southern district of Co Kilkenny, it has always vied with its Kildare counterpart, Castletown, in both name and history.
[photo: The doorway to the saloon in the entrance hall, with the bust of Archbishop Cox over it, is polite Irish Palladianism at its most mature.]
p. 49. “Castletown Cox never surpassed its older namesake in scale, quality, association or variety, yet it has regularly won a special place in the hearts of lovers of Irish architecture. Never suffering the vagaries of neglect, rescue and restoration that dogged the Kildare Castletown, or the radical changes in taste that altered the interior of the older house, Castletown Cox has managed to retain a unique veneer of pristine newness and historical authenticity.
The plan of the house itself is suggestive of these associations. The layout, with a central corridor intersecting the columnar entrance hall, from where it gives access to the rooms extending along its fronts, continues a tradition familiar from the Kildare Castletown. Yet the smaller scale, with only three rooms across its garden front, suggests that such an arrangement, in which so much space is lost to a largely redundant corridor, is more a gratuitous emulation of that earlier house than a functional necessity.
In contrast to Castletown’s slow and often mysterious evolution, however, Castletown Cox remains a pure expression of its architect’s original intentions, and even its window openings have not been enlarged. Consequently, part of the success of Castletown Cox’s original design, and the reason for its survival, must lie in the ease with which the building could accommodate more modern lifestyles inside, with bright interiors of a homely scale, although appearing from the outside as a building parading all the grandeur of the early eighteenth century.
p. 49 “Castletown Cox was built in the early 1770s by Michael Cox, whose surname the house adopts as a suffix to distinguish it from the more famous Castletown. Cox, formerly the Bishop of Ossory, and Archbishop of Cashel from 1755, came from an active family of soldiers and settlers who had made their name and fortune in Ireland since the beginning of the previous century. A younger son, Cox turned towards the church for his advancement rather than to soldiering or the Bar. This was an area in which he proved himself eminently successful despite – or perhaps because of – his disdain for the politics, pamphleteering and polemics that tended to advance the careers of his fellow clerics. Indeed, his reknown was more for his lack of professional interests. One wit attached his own verse to a blank panel, intended for an encomium, on the memorial of the deceased Archbishop:
Vainest of mortals! Had’st thou sense or grace
Thou ne’er had’st left this ostentatious space
Nor given thy numerous foes such ample room
To tell posterity, upon thy tomb,
This well-known truth, by every tongue confest
That by this blank thy life is well expressed.
p. 51. Despite such a notorious lack of notoriety, by securing the archbishopric of Cashel, Cox gained a position perfectly suitable to his interests, lacking the onerous duties of more famous sees yet with the attraction of a liberal income. This was put to use in building the present house, reputedly assisted by a handsome bequest intended for the construction of a church but redirected towards the Archbishop’s own, more worldly interests.
The house-building itself appears to have spanned the years from about 1770-1774. The date of completion is confirmed by the rare survival of a bill, submitted by the Irish plasterworker for the house, Patrick Osborne. It details the cost of different items adorning the interior, form the four capitals in the hall and the fifty six festoons in the staircase to the 1,591 feet of bedroom cornices. The final payment was registered by Osborne’s signed receipt dated 1 Aug 1774 and countersigned by John Nowlan, clerk of works.
Though at Castletown Cox the decorator’s work is uncommonly well documented, the identity of the architect is not. Stylistic evidence provided in the Georgian Society Records, however, and supported by Weaver and later studies, suggests, with near certainty, that the design of the house derives from the hand of Italian architect Davis Duckart, perhaps more properly referred to as Daviso D’Arcort, then resident in Ireland for less than a decade. Like so many architects in Ireland in the eighteenth century, Duckart remains a figure only tentatively defined. The evidence of his will confirms Continental links, an association suggested by the curious detailing of his architecture. Despite the overall continuity of his work within the rather staid late Palladian styles of Ireland, it has a vigour indicative less of provincial idiosyncrasies than of a personal taste, even if one so outmoded as to be almost returning to fashion at the time.
The house is laid out on Duckart’s preferred Palladian tripartite arrangement, with straight arcaded links connecting the residential block to flanking pavilions. [p. 52] This gives the building a rather impressive swagger despite the homely scale, for it has only seven bays compared to the Kildare Castletown’s thirteen. The broad mass is enlivened by the curves of the pavilion domes and the quirky rustication of the basement. Throughout Duckart’s limited body of known and attributed work may be found a similar combination of traditional arrangement and personal detail, but only at Castletown Cox is it so prevalent. Perhaps most surprising is the degree to which Duckart developed his designs for Castletown Cox from traditional sources. As the Knight of Glin observed in his study of Duckart published in Country Life in 1967, the main elevations of the house were based on Buckingham House in London, fashionable in the early 1700s.
After enduring a seesaw of ownership that typified so many Irish estates in the nineteenth century, the house was purchased in 1909 by W.H. Wyndham-Quin, later to succeed to the Dunraven title as the 5th Earl, from Col H.J.R. Villiers-Stuart, who had inherited the property. The gardens were the Wyndham-Quins’ most important addition to the character of the Georgian house, for hey made very few alterations to the building. They produced box hedges and terraces in a rather formulaic sequence, arranged around a series of statues brought over from Clearwell Court, Gloucestershire, but with little of the subtlety of the compartmental gardens then being developed elsewhere in Ireland by Lutyens. The fashion was adopted here also by Norah Lindsay, the Irish-born garden designer, who was a cousin of Wyndham-Quin’s wife. It may be that this connection inspired the selection of the house by Weaver, though its full report in the Georgian Society Records would also have attracted his attention.
By the time Castletown Cox was featured in the pages of Country Life, most of the original furnishings had been dispersed. Weaver considered the bust of Cox over the door to the saloon might be by Scheemaker, as he had been respsonsible for the tomb of this archbishop’s second wife. He was complimentary about the modern refurnishing by the new owners, describing it as “fitting” and showing “just taste” but he was no less exacting than his photographer in the removal of furniture detrimental to the rigours of the architecture, a point emphasized by comparison with the photographs of the Georgian Society Records which document the more homely character of the rooms in 1913.
[The geometric pattern of the saloon ceiling was probably inspired by Irish developments in the Adam style. This design was adapted for another house associated with the same designers, Temple Hill, Blackrock, Co Dublin.
More lively rococo details appear in the enfilade from the drawing room, through the saloon, to the dining room.]
p. 55 Country Life’s photographs of Castletown Cox, taken by Henson on a visit in 1917, record the house some eight years after its purchase by the Wyndham-Quins. His presentation of the rooms captures well the variety of Osborne’s decorative effects. Stony formality reigns in the hall and staircase hall, with heavy festoons framed by equally heavy moulded panels occasionally tweaked into life by scrolled heads.
Such civility is offset, but never dimmed, by the lively Irish rococo plasterwork of the ceilings. In the rooms at the garden front a lighter air is manifest, and a more progressive style begins to appear. In the original arrangement, as suggested by Osborne’s surviving bill, the central saloon would probably have been papered – Weaver considered the possibility of a Chinese-style paper found in other interiors of the date – framing the lively and light bracketed cornice and geometrically ordered ceiling. Such plasterwork is much more in the style of Adam, a fashion then promulgated in Ireland by Michael Stapleton. It is a striking contrast with the other ceilings and suggests that Osborne was either learning the newer style or moving between the old and new as required by his patron. Certainly this lighter mood provided an effect quite different from that of the other two halls, and one that persists in the flanking dining room and drawing rooms.
The house was sold by the family in about 1928, two years after Wyndham-Quin had succeeded to the Dunraven title and moved to his family seat, Adare Manor in Co Limerick. It was purchased by Major General E.R. Blacque, and sold by his son in 1976 when, with an uncertain future in an unfashionable climate, its survival was secured by the late Brian de Breffny. Given the growing awareness of the importance of the house – it is currently undergoing restoration – together with its manageable scale, its future should never again be in doubt.”
[The flanking ranges to the garden have robust arcades. Duckart eschews architectural detail in favour of a broad banding of linked circles – a favourite motif throughout his career. The garden terraces include box hedges and parterres, and were developed by the new owners to add ‘incident’ to the setting of the house soon after its purchase in about 1909.]
Castletown Cox, County Kilkenny, from Country Life, photographer: Henson, 1917.Castletown Cox, County Kilkenny, from Country Life, photographer: Henson, 1917.View from the roof across the re-landscaped parkland and one of a pair of arcades and domed pavilions which flank the house, Castletown Cox County Kilkenny, Copyright Christopher Simon Sykes/The Interior Archive Ltd, CS_GI9_10.
Detached seven-bay three-storey over raised basement Classical-style country house, built 1767-71, on a symmetrical Palladian plan with three-bay full-height breakfront, three-bay three-storey side elevations, seven-bay three-storey over raised basement Garden (south-west) Front having three-bay full-height breakfront, five-bay two-storey lateral wings having single-bay full-height advanced end bays (five-bay double-height Garden (south-west) Front elevations), and single-bay two-storey higher pavilions on square plans leading to five-bay two-storey perpendicular outbuilding wings returning as three-bay double-height ranges. Hipped slate roofs (on a quadrangular plan to central block behind parapet) with rolled lead ridges, sandstone ashlar chimney stacks having cut-limestone stringcourses, and cast-iron rainwater goods on cut-sandstone eaves (concealed to central block). Octagonal slate domes to pavilions with rolled lead ridges, and open timber vents to apexes on octagonal plans (with elliptical-headed openings having balustraded parapet, moulded surrounds having keystones, frieze supporting dentilated cornice, and octagonal ogee-domed capping having ball finial supporting iron weathervane). Sandstone ashlar walls to Entrance (north-east) Front with cut-limestone dressings including quoins to corners, tripartite frontispiece to breakfront (comprising half-fluted double-height Composite pilasters supporting entablature, frieze, and dentilated cornice), carved entablature supporting frieze, dentilated cornice supporting top floor (treated as attic storey), carved cornice supporting balustraded parapet, limestone ashlar walls to remainder having rustication to basement to side elevations, quoined piers to ends to Garden (south-west) Front, and tripartite frontispiece to breakfront (comprising half-fluted double-height Composite pilasters supporting entablature, frieze, and dentilated cornice). Unpainted (dyed) lime rendered walls to wings with sandstone dressings including quoined piers to corners, band to eaves, sandstone ashlar walls to pavilions with cut-limestone dressings including quoined piers to corners, frieze supporting cornice, blocking course to first floor (treated as attic storey) supporting panelled pilasters, and frieze supporting cornice. Square-headed window openings (lunette window openings to basement to Entrance (north-east) Front; Venetian window openings to ground floor side elevations; round-headed window openings to basement to Garden (south-west) Front) with cut-limestone sills (profiled sills to first floor), carved limestone shouldered surrounds (supporting friezes to ground floor having entablatures with blocking course over), nine-over-six (ground floor), six-over-six (first floor), and three-over-three (top floor) timber sash windows (fixed-pane timber fittings to lunette window openings). Group (three-part arrangement) round-headed openings to ground floor Entrance (north-east) Front approached by platform with flight of fifteen cut-stone steps having iron railings, carved cut-limestone pilaster surrounds supporting archivolts having keystones, timber panelled double doors having fanlight, and nine-over-six timber sash windows to flanking openings having fanlights. Round-headed door opening to breakfront to Garden (south-west) Front approached by flights of cut-limestone steps forming perron on cut-limestone pillars having iron railings, carved cut-limestone pilaster surround supporting archivolt having keystone, and twelve-over-eight timber sash window forming French door having fanlight. Square-headed window openings to wings with round-headed window openings to end bays, round-headed window openings to return ranges, cut-sandstone sills, cut-sandstone Gibbsian surrounds having double keystones, six-over-six (ground floor) and three-over-three (first floor) timber sash windows having six-over-six timber sash windows to round-headed openings incorporating fanlights. Square-headed door openings with cut-sandstone Gibbsian surrounds having double keystones, and timber panelled doors. Elliptical-headed carriageways (some paired) with cut-sandstone surrounds having double keystones, and timber panelled double doors. Series of five (full-height) round-headed openings to Garden (south-west) Front forming arcade with cut-limestone pilaster surrounds supporting entablature, frieze, dentilated cornice to spring of arches, carved archivolts rising into roundel keystones, panelled soffits, and no fittings. Round-headed window openings to ground floor to pavilions with oculus window openings over having carved cut-limestone sill course, cut-limestone surrounds with stringcourse to spring of arches, double keystones, six-over-six timber sash windows, and carved limestone surrounds to oculus openings having timber fittings. Set back from road in own grounds with landscaped grounds to site including terrace to south-west leading to lake approached by flight of six cut-limestone steps.
Appraisal
An impressively-scaled country house built for Michael Cox (b. pre-1729), Archbishop of Cashel to designs prepared by Davis Ducart (Daviso de Arcort or Daviso d’Arcort) (fl. 1767-71) after Buckingham House (1703), London, by William Winde (c.1645-1722). Widely regarded as second only to Castletown House (begun 1722), County Kildare, the house in many ways almost surpasses the more renowned earlier namesake as the prime exemplar of the Palladian tradition in Ireland. Formally composed on a symmetrical plan accommodating residential and service ranges in a wholly integrated composition the architectural design value of the house is identified by elegant attributes including the identical frontispieces to each frontage, the distinctive pavilions, and so on. Exhibiting expert stone masonry throughout the carved dressings in locally-sourced Kilkenny limestone and sandstone further enhance the aesthetic appeal of the house. Having been carefully restored following a period of uncertainty regarding the future of the site in the late twentieth century the historic fabric survives largely intact both to the exterior and to the interior where decorative plasterwork dressings executed by Patrick Osborne (n. d.) are amongst the many features identifying the artistic design significance of the site. Forming the centrepiece of a large-scale country estate (including 12403808 – 13, 16 – 8/KK-38-08 – 13, 16 – 8) the house remains of additional importance in the locality for the connections with the Cox, the Villiers Stuart, the Wyndham-Quin, the Blacque, and the de Breffny families.
Formal hall furniture is arranged around the walls of one of a pair of domed pavilions which flank the central block of Castletown, Castletown Cox County Kilkenny, Copyright Christopher Simon Sykes/The Interior Archive Ltd, CS_GI9_33.
in Irish Castles and Historic Houses by Brendan O’Neill
Built in 1767 for Michael Cox, Archbishop of Cashel. Designed by a Sardinian architect, Davis Ducart, the garden front with its giant fluted Corinthian pilasters and beautiful arcades, is spectacular.
All the ground-floor rooms, and the staircase, have rich Rococo plaster decoration by Patrick Osbourne of Waterford. The Corinthian columns in the front hall are monoliths, each carved out of a single piece of limestone. The attractive formal box gardens were laid out in 1909. The design is one of overall perfection, and it is regarded as the finest small Palladian houses in the country.
Great Houses of Ireland by Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd and Christopher Simon Sykes. Laurence King Publishing, 1999.
p. 175. “George Magan is a merchant banker descended from a long-established Irish landed family chronicles in Burke’s Irish Family Records. The ancient Irish name of their original seat in Co Westmeath, Umma-More, was the title chosen by George’s father, Brigadier William Magan, for a remarkably perceptive book of reflections on the history of Ireland. The Brigadier has also written an evocative memoir of his Irish boyhood in the foxhunting country of the South Westmeath; he went on to become its Master.
p. 174. Following his own father’s death, Brigadier Magan reluctantly decided in 1967 to sell Killyon Manor, Co Meath, together with its demesne – all that remained of the formerly substantial family estates. This undoubtedly spurred George Magan’s determination one day to re-establish the family in a fine Irish country house. Finally, in 1991, the opportunity to acquire one of the most architecturally important Palladian palaces in Ireland, the masterpiece of Davis Duckart, proved too good to miss.
Having bought the house, he fortuitously was able to buy back the heart of the demesne running to some 500 acres. The perfectionist Magan decided to take his time over the wholesale restoration in order to get it absolutely right. At the time of writing, eight years after the purchase, there is still more to be done to complete the restoration of the interior of the house – though the external renovation work, including the demesne, is virtually complete.
To help him undertake this marathon labour of love, George Magan assembled a team of all the talents: a project manager, architects, surveyors, historic buildings consultants, artisans, craftsmen, structural engineers and an industrious group of local contractors and builders. He was also fortunate in securing a first-class estate management and gardens team. For the creaaation of the new formal gardens, Magan turned to the Marchioness of Salisbury, whose grandparents Col. W.H. and Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin, made their home at Castletown earlier in the century before the Colonel succeeded a cousin in the Earldom of Dunraven and the Tudor-Revival Adare Manor. And in the demesne a landscaping scheme involving the planting of over 80,000 trees has more than compensated for the removal of the trees previously planted too close to the house, where they had latterly obscured its architecture.
The Magans were determined to ‘open up’ Castletown’s wonderful setting against the backdrop of the Co Kilkenny mountains and to show off Davis Duckart’s supreme composition of house, arcades and cupolas to the full. The park was accordingly remodelled, the lake dredged, a ha-ha wall built, the gardens levelled and the parterres (originally laid out by Lady Salisbury’s grandfather) moved. A new walled garden is currently being planned and Maxine Magan, George’s mother and a keen garden enthusiast, is actively involved in its creation.
Geroge Magan, an engagingly modest and straightforward proprietor, points out that the theme of all this restoration work at Castletown is ‘repair not Renewal.’ [p. 176] Yet no effort has been spared on the exterior and the interior of the house, the arcaded wings and pavilions. The weathered stonework has been thoroughly rejuvenated; the roofs and the windows renovated; the power systems comprehensively replaced (so that the state-of-the-art boiler room in the basement resembles the control room of an ocean-going liner); and the great joy of the interior, the Rococo plasterwork by the Waterford stuccodore Patrick Osborne, brought back to its pristine glory.
What strikes one about the Castletown restoration is the astonishing attention to detail, the accentuation of accuracy, the uncompromising standards of quality. It is particularly instructive to note the high level of expertise that still exists in Ireland when the opportunity to undertake top-flight work is made available. The old myth that ‘you can never get the right quality of craftsmanship these days’ has proved to be nonsense. In fact, the good craftsmen today are better than ever.
On our visit, for instance, we saw lime render for the plasterwork repairs being made in the traditional method, complete with goats hair. And up on the top floor, craftsmen were to be found cheerfully reconstructing walls in the proper, intricate way of combining lath and plaster that was used centuries ago.
Going back in time, the Castletown estate, near Carrick-on-Suir, was part of the vast landholding of the ‘Old English’ or Anglo-Norman family of Butler (Earls of Ormonde from 1328), who from their castle of Kilkenny used to rule over what was more like a kingdom than an estate. Indeed they actually held palatine rights over the neighbouring county of Tipperary, the border of which is close to the Castletown demesne. The Cavalier 12th Earl of Ormonde was created a Duke, and is known to history as ‘the Great Duke of Ormonde’ on account of his wisdom and integrity as King Charles II’s Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. His grandson the Jacobite 2nd Duke (described in Macky’s Characters as ‘One of the most generous, princely, brave men that ever was, but good-natured to a fault.’ ) at first leased and then sold the Castletown estate to the lawyer Sir Richard Cox of Dunmanway, Co Cork, who was appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1703 and created a Baronet three years later.
Although Sir Richard was the father of the present house’s builder, Michael Cox, Archbishop of Cashel, the succession was not as simple as that, for Sir Richard seems to have either sold or sublet Castletown to Edward Cooke of Cookestown, who died in 1751. It then passed to Michael Cox (Sir Richard’s fifth and youngest son), who happened to be the widower of Cooke’s sister Anne.
The Archbishop seems to have had the traditional sporting instincts of the irish clergy, as he laid out a racecourse on the demesne. He was also a legendary trencherman. Dorothea Herbert, who lived not far from Castletown, has left us a memorable picture of Cox’s character:
It happened that there was a fine Turkey for dinner…The Archbishop himself was an odd character – He was very close and often blew out the Wax lights before half of his company dispersed… He was excessively fond of cards but so cross at them that few would venture to be his partner.”
‘Close’ he may have been, but he commissioned Davis Duckart to build a house of distinction…
p. 177. The wings at Castletown also have arcades, though with the delightful bonus of culminating in pretty pavilions topped off with octagonal cupolas (the ‘fish-scale’ slates have been carefully restored). The central block of the house is built of dressed sandstone and unpolished Kilkenny marble, with the stonework very finely cut to give an exquisitely crisp effect. The Corinthian motif of the two principal facades is continued inside the Hlal, which has a screen of monolithic fluted Corinthian columns of lightly polished Kilkenny marble (which is such a luxurious feature of Castletown), and also a stone chimneypiece with terms. The Hall, Dinign Room and Staircase Hall have richly decorated plaster panels on their walls as well as plasterwork ceilings. The total cost of the magnificent plasterwork is given in a detailed bill, still extent, as £696 10s 5d.
p. 179. The Archbishop adorned the garden front with his coat of arms impaling those of his second wife, another Anne, who had died in childbirth in 1746. The second Anne was the daughter of James O’Brien, MP for Youghal, and a grand-daughter of the 3rd Earl of Inchiquin. Fortunately, her baby son survived and Castletown, largely unchanged, remained in the Cox family until the middle of the next century, when it passed to Lieut. Col William Villiers-Stuart, a younger son of the family seated at Dromana, Co Waterford, whom married Katherine, the heiress of Michael Cox of Castletown.
It was their son, another Colonel, who sold the place to the Wyndham-Quins in 1909. Next, in the late 1920s, after they Wyndham-Quins had furnished the gardens with statuary, followed Major-General Edmund Blaque and his wife, Kathleen, daughter of the colourful Admiral Lord Beresford (‘Charlie B. from Curraghmore). Charlie B’s famous foxhunting tattoo would doubtless have earned the admiration of the Archbishop and indeed of Blaques’ son and successor Charles, Master of the Kilmaganny Harriers. Charles Blaque sold Castletown in 1976 and, after some uncertainty about its future, it was acquired three years later by Ulli de Breffney, whose husband the late Brian de Breffney, was a well-known writer on Irish architecture, genealogy and culture.
At the end of a chequered century at Castletown it is gratifying to report that the future of this exceptionally elegant house, now being so immaculately restored by George and Wendy Magan, looks reassuringly secure. The work in progress illustrated here encourages one to think that we may be witnessing a new Golden Age for the Irish country house.”
THE VILLIERS-STUARTS OWNED 2,790 ACRES OF LAND IN COUNTY KILKENNYLORD HENRY STUART (1777-1809), fifth son of John, 4th Earl and 1st Marquess of Bute, married, in 1802, the Lady Gertrude Amelia Mason-Villiers, only daughter and heir of George, 2nd and last Earl Grandison, and had issue,
HENRY, cr BARON STUART DE DECIES; WILLIAM, of whom presently; Charles; Gertrude Amelia.
The second son,
WILLIAM VILLIERS-STUART JP DL (1804-73), High Sheriff of County Kilkenny, 1848, MP for County Waterford, 1835-47, wedded, in 1833, Catherine (d 1879), only daughter of MICHAEL COX, of Castletown, County Kilkenny (by the Hon Mary Prittie his wife, daughter of Henry, 1st Baron Dunalley, and sister and heir of Sir Richard Cox, 8th Baronet, of Dunmanway, County Cork, and had issue,
HENRY JOHN RICHARD, his heir; Dudley; Gertrude Mary; Geraldine; Evelyn.
Mr Villiers-Stuart and his siblings assumed, in 1822, the additional surname and arms of VILLIERS.
He was succeeded by his eldest son,
HENRY JOHN RICHARD VILLIERS-STUART JP DL (1837-1914), of Castletown and Castlane, County Kilkenny, High Sheriff of County Kilkenny, 1887, who espoused, in 1870, Jane Rigby, eldest daughter of Benjamin Rigby Murray, of Parton Place, Kirkudbright, and had issue,
WILLIAM DESMOND (1872-1961), Brigadier, CBE, DSO; Charles Herbert; John Patrick; Kathleen Jane; Gertrude Elsie; Marie Violet.
FAMILY OF COX
MICHAEL COX, the youngest son of a respectable Wiltshire family (amongst whose progenitors was the learned Dr Richard Cox, one of the compilers of the Liturgy, tutor to EDWARD VI, and in the reign of ELIZABETH I, Lord Bishop of Ely), seated at Kilworth, County Cork, some time within the first quarter of the 17th century, and left, with other children, at his decease,
RICHARD COX, a man of great bodily strength and courage, who became a captain in Major-General John Jephson’sregiment of dragoons, and fought successively under the royal banner of CHARLES I, and the republican one of Cromwell.
He married Catherine, daughter of Walter Bird, of Clonakilty, and died in 1651 (in consequence of a treacherous wound received from a brother officer of his own regiment, a Captain Narton) when his orphan son,
RICHARD COX (1650-1733), then not quite three years of age, was taken under the care of his maternal grandfather, Walter Bird; but that relation dying a few years later, he was placed by his uncle, John Bird, at an ordinary Latin school in the town of Clonakilty, where he soon evinced a strong disposition to learning.
In 1671, he entered himself at Lincoln’s Inn, and was, in regular time, called to the bar.
Upon his return to Ireland, Mr Cox married; but in consequence of some disappointment regarding the fate of his wife, retired, in a fit of despondency, very uncharacteristic of his active mind, to a farm near Clonakilty, and there remained in obscurity for almost seven years.
The patronage of Sir Robert Southwell at length, however, recalled him into active life; and in 1680 he was Recorder of Kinsale, County Cork, when he settled at Cork and practiced as a barrister with considerable success.
In 1687, he withdrew, in consequence of the religious dissensions prevalent at that period in his native country, to Bristol, and there, at his leisure hours, compiled a “History of Ireland.”
At the period of the Revolution he returned to Ireland, as secretary to Sir Robert Southwell, who accompanied William, Prince of Orange, in the capacity of principal secretary of state.
Upon his royal master’s march to Dublin, after the battle of the Boyne, that prince published his manifesto, called “The King’s Declaration at Finglass,” which emanated from the pen of Mr Cox, and which so pleased His Majesty that he was heard to say that “Mr Cox has exactly hit my own mind.”
After the surrender of Waterford, Mr Cox was made Recorder of that city, and thence, in 1690, removed to the second seat upon the bench of the Court of Common Pleas.
In 1692, he received the honour of knighthood; in 1701, Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas; and in 1703 was appointed LORD CHANCELLOR OF IRELAND.
In the absence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, he was twice nominated one of the Lords-Justices; and created a baronet in 1706, designated of Dunmanway, County Cork.
Upon the termination of the Duke of Ormonde’s government, however, in 1707, Sir Richard Cox was removed from the chancellorship, but he subsequently accepted the office of Lord Chief Justice of the Queen’s Bench, from which he was removed, with the other judges, upon the accession of GEORGE I, and his conduct was subsequently censured by a vote of the House of Commons.
Sir Richard married, in 1673, Mary, daughter of John Bourne, and had issue,
Richard (1677-1725), father of RICHARD, 2nd Baronet; Walter; John; William; MICHAEL, of whom hereafter.
The youngest son,
THE MOST REV DR MICHAEL COX (1689-1779), Lord Archbishop of Cashel and Primate of Munster, Chaplain to James, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, when Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who espoused, in 1712, Anne, daughter of the Hon James O’Brien MP, and granddaughter of William, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin, by whom he left at his decease, in 1779, an only son,
RICHARD COX (1745-), of Castletown, County Kilkenny, who married, in 1776, Mary, daughter of Francis Burton, brother of Sir Charles Burton, 1st Baronet, and had (with two daughters), five sons,
MICHAEL, of whom hereafter; Francis (Sir), 9th Baronet; Richard (Rev), Rector of Caherconlish; William; Benjamin.
The eldest son,
MICHAEL COX (1768-), of Castletown, High Sheriff of County Kilkenny, 1819, wedded Mary, daughter of Henry, 1st Baron Dunalley, and had issue,
Richard (Sir), 8th Baronet, of Castletown, dsp 1846; Henry, died unmarried; CATHERINE, of whom we treat.
The only daughter,
CATHERINE COX (c1808-1879), of Castletown, heir to her brother, wedded, in 1833, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL WILLIAM VILLIERS-STUART (see above).
Entrance Front
CASTLETOWN, Piltown, County Kilkenny (popularly known as Castletown Cox to distinguish it from the celebrated Castletown in County Kildare), was the creation of the renowned architect, Davis Ducart, who was commissioned, in 1767, by the Most Rev Michael Cox, Lord Archbishop of Cashel (whose father, Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet, had leased the land from the Duke of Ormonde).
The Archbishop’s armorial bearings adorn the garden front.
His Grace acquired the property following his first marriage to Anne Cooke, who had inherited it from her brother.
The Archbishop’s second wife, Anne O’Brien, was granddaughter of the Earl of Inchiquin.
Castletown Cox has a principal centre block comprising three storeys over a basement, and seven bays.
At each side, in the Palladian style, there are stable and kitchen wings which lengthen two fronts of the mansion and then run outwards at right angles, thus forming a partly-enclosed forecourt.
The central block is said to be a variant of William Wynde’s Buckingham House in London.
The roof is balustraded.
Castletown Cox is made of dressed sandstone and unpolished Kilkenny marble.
The main block is very finely cut, and the wings have rougher stonework with ashlar dressings.
Garden Front
The wings on the garden front are arcaded and terminate in pavilions with cupolas and octagonal domes.
The garden front is adorned with large, fluted Corinthian pilasters and exceptionally beautiful arcades.
Mark Bence-Jones. A Guide to Irish Country Houses (originally published as Burke’s Guide to Country Houses volume 1 Ireland by Burke’s Peerage Ltd. 1978); Revised edition 1988 Constable and Company Ltd, London.
p. 67. A three storey bow-fronted Georgian house, the bow having a trefoil window and battlements. Pillared porch.
Detached five-bay two-storey country house with half-dormer attic, built 1730; extant 1774, on a cruciform plan originally five-bay two-storey on a T-shaped plan centred on single-bay full-height breakfront on a bowed plan; single-bay (single-bay deep) full-height central return (north). “Improved”, 1788, producing present composition. Occupied, 1901. Pitched slate roof on a T-shaped plan including gablets to window openings to half-dormer attic centred on parapet with clay ridge tiles, rendered central chimney stack having corbelled stepped capping supporting terracotta pots, timber bargeboards to gablets on timber purlins, and cast-iron rainwater goods on rendered eaves retaining cast-iron octagonal or ogee hoppers and downpipes. Part creeper- or ivy-covered rendered walls with battlemented parapet having lichen-covered cut-limestone coping; slate hung surface finish to side elevations. Square-headed central door opening behind (single-storey) prostyle distyle portico with dragged cut-limestone columns having responsive pilasters supporting dentilated “Cyma Recta” or “Cyma Reversa” cornice on “Cornucopia”-detailed frieze, and drag edged dragged cut-limestone surround framing timber panelled double doors having fanlight. Pointed-arch flanking window openings with cut-limestone sills, and concealed dressings framing three-over-six timber sash windows having interlocking Y-tracery glazing bars. Square-headed window opening (first floor) with cut-limestone sill, and concealed dressings framing eight-over-eight timber sash windows having Y-tracery glazing bars. Quatrefoil window openings centred on rounded triangular window opening (top floor) with concealed dressings framing timber casement windows. Square-headed window openings with cut-limestone sills, and concealed dressings framing six-over-six or three-over-six (half-dormer attic) timber sash windows having Y-tracery glazing bars. Interior including (ground floor): bow-ended central hall retaining carved timber surrounds to door openings framing timber panelled doors with carved timber surrounds to window openings framing timber panelled shutters, plasterwork cornice to ceiling, staircase on a dog leg plan with turned timber balusters supporting carved timber banister, carved timber surrounds to door openings to landing framing timber panelled doors, and plasterwork cornice to ceiling; and carved timber surrounds to door openings to remainder framing timber panelled doors with carved timber surrounds to window openings framing timber panelled shutters. Set in landscaped grounds.
Appraisal
A country house representing an important component of the domestic built heritage of County Kilkenny with the architectural value of the composition, one restructured in the early eighteenth-century repurposing the fabric of the late medieval ‘house of Naushistowne [Nashtown] of the Manor of Bishopslough’ (Corballis 1996, 106), confirmed by such attributes as the deliberate alignment maximising on scenic vistas overlooking gently rolling grounds; the cruciform plan form centred on a Georgian Gothic breakfront; and the diminishing in scale of the openings on each floor producing a graduated visual impression: meanwhile, aspects of the composition clearly illustrate the continued development or “improvement” of the country house into the nineteenth century. Having been sympathetically restored following a period of unoccupancy in the later twentieth century, the elementary form and massing survive intact together with substantial quantities of the original fabric, both to the exterior and to the interior where contemporary joinery; chimneypieces; and plasterwork refinements, all highlight the artistic potential of the composition. Furthermore, adjacent outbuildings (see 12402409); a walled garden (extant 1837); and a nearby “columbarium” or dovecote (extant 1900), all continue to contribute positively to the group and setting values of a self-contained estate having historic connections with the O’Flaherty family including Thomas O’Flaherty (d. 1778); Thomas Bourke O’Flaherty MP (d. 1812), one-time High Sheriff of County Kilkenny (fl. 1790); and Thomas John Bourke O’Flaherty (d. 1864); the Willett family including Henry John Willett (d. 1872) and Rebecca Jane Willett (née O’Flaherty) (d. 1842); and the O’Keeffe family including Michael O’Keeffe (d. 1905), ‘Farmer late of Castle Eve [sic] County Kilkenny’ (Calendars of Wills and Administrations 1905, 239); and Pierce O’Keeffe (d. 1949).